Name |
Oligoclonal banding |
Alternative name/Profile |
XPAT, IgG Index, Multiple Sclerosis, MS |
Department |
Immunology |
Investigation |
Isoelectric Focusing (Sebia Hydrasys Focusing) |
Specimen type |
Blood and CSF |
Sample type |
Serum and CSF |
Sample container & volume |
Universal containing a minimum of 300ul of CSF and one 5ml red. |
Frequency of analysis |
Once weekly on a batch basis |
Turnaround time |
14 days
|
Availability |
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Notes |
Useful for:
- Investigating patients for Multiple Sclerosis.
Clinical Information:
- The diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis is based on clinical history, MRI findings and laboratory studies on CSF.
- Chronic inflammation, confined to the Central Nervous System (CNS), causes demylination of neurons in the white matter of the brain.
- Central Nervous System (CNS)-specific inflammation can be detected in the laboratory by comparing the IgG profile of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum.
- This comparison is carried out using the methodology Isoelectric Focusing. Isoelectric Focusing allows the visualistion of IgG in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. This IgG can be polyclonal or oligoclonal. Oligoclonal refers to multiple clones of IgG detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Central Nervous System (CNS) inflammation.
- An IgG Index, which compares the IgG to albumin ratio in the CSF to that in the serum, can also be useful in detecting CNS-specific inflammation.
- The presence of oligoclonal bands and/or an abnormal IgG Index can be found in up to 90% of Multiple Sclerosis patients.
Please Note:
- For a conclusive result a serum sample MUST accompany the CSF sample.
- The serum sample may be taken up to 1 week before the CSF sample but not more than 2 days after the CSF sample.
- Oligoclonal bands may also be found in other infectious or inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system (CNS).
- Where External Institiutions cannot guarantee immediate delivery, serum samples must be centrifuged and separated and both the serum and CSF samples stored at 4oC. Samples can then be transported, as soon as possible, to St. James's Hospital for processing.
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Related links |
Analysis of CSF in the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis |
Reference range |
IgG Index:
0 - 0.7
CSF Pattern:
Normal - No oligoclonal bands detected in the serum or CSF. This indicates that there is no central nervous system (CNS)-specific inflammation.
Oligoclonal Bands - 2 or more oligoclonal bands detected in the CSF that are not present in the serum. This indicates that there is central nervous system (CNS)-specific inflammation.
Minor Abnormality - A single band detected in the CSF that is not present in the serum. Close follow-up is suggested if clinically indicated.
Monoclonal Band - A monoclonal band present in both the serum and CSF. This indicates a paraprotein of systemic origin.
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Last updated |
Tue, 09 Jun 2020 15:46:27 IST |
