Name |
Autoimmune Encephalitis Panel |
Alternative name/Profile |
AIE, AIECSF, Anti glutamate receptor, NMDA, AMPA, AMPA1, AMPA2, AMPA12, GABAb, Lgi1, CASPR2, DPPX, encephalitis, paraneoplastic, NR1, NR2A, NR2B, Ovarian/testicular teratoma, VGKC
|
Department |
Immunology |
Investigation |
Indirect Immunofluorescence (EUROIMMUN) |
Specimen type |
Serum sample and/or CSF |
Sample type |
Serum sample and/or CSF |
Sample container & volume |
Serum sample and/or CSF
5ml red. and/or universal containing a minimum of 200ul of CSF
|
Frequency of analysis |
Batch Basis |
Turnaround time |
21 days |
Availability |
|
Notes |
Useful for:
- Investigating new onset dementia and cognitive impairment in patients suspected of having autoimmune encephalopathies.
Clinical Information:
- Detection of encephalitis associated autoantibodies in serum indicate an autoimmune aetiology and raise suspicions that there may be a paraneoplastic cause.
- Neurological presentations are often diverse, therefore comprehensive antibody testing is usually more informative than targeted testing for 1 or 2 antibodies.
- Some of the encephalitis associated antibodies can be highly predictive of an underlying cancer. Please see the table below for a list of encephalitis antibodies and their associated underlying caner.
|
Autoimmune Encephalitis Antibody
|
Frequently Associated Cancer |
Clinical Presentation |
|
Anti-glutamate receptor - NMDA type
|
Ovarian teratoma, Testicular teratoma
|
Encephalitis (60% as Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome) |
|
Anti-glutamate receptor - AMPA type
|
Lung carcinoma, Breast carcinoma and Thymoma
|
Limbic Encephalitis (70% as Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome) |
|
Anti-GABAb receptor
|
Small cell lung carcinoma |
Limbic Encephalitis (50% as Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome) |
|
Anti-LGI1
|
Small cell lung carcinoma, Ovarian teratoma, Thymoma, Various tumours |
Limbic Encephalitis (10% as Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome) |
| Anti-CASPR2 |
Thymoma, Uterine carcinoma |
Neuromyotonia, Morvan's Syndrome, Limbic Encephalitis (30% as Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome) |
| Anti-DPPX |
|
Encephalitis, Encephalomyelitis |
Please Note:
-
A percentage of patients are Autoimmune Encephalitis Antibody positive in CSF only, therefore a negative serum sample does not rule out Autoimmune Encephalitis Antibody associated encephalitis.
-
Where External Institutions cannot guarantee immediate delivery, samples must be centrifuged, separated and stored at 4oC. Samples can then be transported, as soon as possible, to St. James's Hospital for processing.
- Please note VGKC analysis is no longer performed. If necessary, an Autoimmune Encephalitis Panel which includes LGI1 and CASPR2, may be performed, .
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Related links |
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Reference range |
Negative
Weak positive
Positive
|
Last updated |
Wed, 24 Jul 2024 08:09:06 IST |
