Immunology

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Department

Investigation

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Notes

Useful for:

• Investigating Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency in patients younger than 18 years old.

Clinical Information:

• The CD18 molecule is a member of the beta-2 integrin family.
• Autosomal mutations in the CD18 gene result in an inability to express CD11a, CD11b and CD11c correctly.
• This results in defective leukocyte adhesion, required for effective leukocyte accumulation in tissue.
• Characteristics of Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency include delayed umbilical stump separation, infection of the umbilical stump, leukocytosis in the absence of infection, gingivitis with periodontitis and alveolar bone resorption.
• There are three immunodeficiency states associated with leukocyte adhesion defects; Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type 1, 2 and 3.
• Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type 1 results from the absence of CD18.
• Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type 2 is due to the absence of fucosylated carbohydrate ligands.
• Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type 3 is an extremely rare autosomal recessive syndrome.

Please Note:

• Samples for Leukocyte Adhesion Molecules are processed by arrangement with the laboratory. Please ring 01 4162927 to arrange sample processing.
• Please note a travel control must be sent with each sample.
• Samples must be processed within 5 hours of collection.
• External Institutions must transport samples immediately to the St. James's Hospital Immunology department.
• Absolute lymphocyte levels and influenced by circadian variation, therefore consistency of timing when acquiring blood samples is required when monitoring patients serially.
• The sample receipt cut-off time for is 13.00 daily.

Related links

Reference range

Reference ranges have been established in the Immunology Department, St. James's Hospital, using 15 normal adult donors.

Last updated

Thu, 04 Jun 2026 13:57:37 IST